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The 'Greenhouse Effect' is one of the most important and distressing reasons for the drastic climate change our planet is experiencing in recent times. Before we discuss the disadvantages of this phenomenon we should first understand in in simple terms what really the 'greenhouse effect' is. According to Colin’s dictionary,
the greenhouse effect is the problem caused by increased quantities of gases such as carbon dioxide in the air. These gases trap the heat from the sun, and cause a gradual rise in the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere.Some of the other gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect are methane (CH4), Water Vapour (H2o), Nitrous Oxide (N2O), Ozone (O3), Chloroflourocarbons (CFCs), Hydroflourocarbons (HCFC).
Why is the greenhouse effect suddenly considered such a big disadvantage? Afterall, this 'trapped heat' is the reason we don't live in an ice age. The greenhouse effect was necessary to maintain the warmth and heat required to keep the biosphere healthy and preserve life. But it became a problem now because the amount of heat and warmth that gets trapped in the atmosphere started exceeding normal limits.
The greenhouse effect started when people started burning large amounts of fossil fuel (like coal, petrol and diesel) which led to drastic increase in the amount of carbon-di-oxide and methane present in air. These gases in turn started trapping more and more radiation from the sun, eventually causing global warming which is also known as the 'greenhouse effect'.
The most visible disadvangate of the greenhouse effect is the melting of our polar ice caps. Polar ice caps keep the earth cool. Their melting has two bad effects-first, it leads to increase in the water levels of the seas and oceans. This is a big threat the low lying areas that are located near water bodies. Second, our planet's temperature has increased significantly.
Another major disadvantage of the greenhouse effect is the changes observed in the weather. Our planet now has warmer summers due to the increase in the warmth of our earths atmosphere due to the increased presence of the greenhouse gases. This increase in overall temperature has caused numerous & deadly hurricanes which play havoc on nature and human beings. Rainfall has become more and more erratic, leading to sudden floods. It can even cause desertification of huge tracts of land.
Destruction of marine life is another disadvantage of the greenhouse effect. Water absorbs carbon-di-oxide. Therefore, increase in carbon di oxide in atmosphere will mean more carbon-di-oxide will be dissolved in water. This will change the Ph balance of the existing water bodies, leading to increase in alkalinity of water. This is detrimental to flora and fauna of the aquatic life. The most obvious example is the destruction of the coral reefs because of warmer oceans.
The terrestrial ecosystem will also bear the brunt of the disadvantages of the greenhouse effect. Agriculture, for example, will suffer due to increased heat, soil temperature and unpredictable rainfall. Arid conditions will bring new challenges to support irrigation. More power will be required to pump water for irrigation which will lead to increase in energy requirement and engergy bills. Energy companies are already struggling to meet the demands of the teeming millions. Even if irrigation is provided, plants might not yield to their full capacity due to the increased heat. Farming lands may get too dry for some seeds to even geminate. Many plant species may become extinct if not regularly cultivated.
Staying on the topic of the disadvantages of the greenhouse effect, multiple scientific studies indicate that the escalation in atmospheric temperatures will reduce global output by 2 to 3 percent. As agricultural production is affected, this can lead to frequent famines and famine-related issues. Feeding people will become a global challenge. Scarcity of food and water may lead to severe droughts and starvation. These circumstances will also put a strain on our livestock, causing animals, such as cattle, to fall sick and die. As farmers and ranchers lose harvests and livestock, food production will decline, which can again pave the path to shortage of food in many parts of the world-a perfect recipe for a global economic disaster.
As we are all aware, all ecosystems are inter-related. Any adverse effect on one of them will be felt on the others. This will lead to the destruction of the delicate balance that exists in nature. Sooner or later, many species which are not able to evolve and adapt to these rapid and erratic climatic changes will become extinct and will be lost from the face of earth forever.
Human beings will be the worst affected. The germs of epidemics like cholera and typhoid which thrive in warm weather may start effecting the human race more often. Many allergens thrive in hot weather, so with increase in heat, mankind will become more susceptible to these risks. Growth of pests like mosquitoes, ticks and flies will become unchecked if weather and rainfall become unpredictable. Too much of rain will give birth to favourable conditions for the growth and incubation of life-threatening germs and disease-carrying vectors, which will become a menace to mankind. Not only will external factors like mildews, pollens, allergens, germs and parasites which thrive in warm temperatures but other internal factors like heat stroke, heat cramps, dizziness due to heat and dehydration will also become common health hazards. People will start suffering from nausea, diarrhoea and vomiting due to elevated body temperatures. People will feel more uncomfortable due to excessive sweating and increase in the body temperature. This could also hinder normal metabolism in our bodies. Ultimately, global warming will prove fatal to the human race.
In regions of heavy rainfall, hurricanes and tornadoes will be seen more often. This will lead to huge losses of life and property. Rebuilding these places will pose a great challenge to the economy of the impacted country. Apart from this, regular flooding may lead to chemicals, contaminants and other harmful substances getting mixed in rivers, streams and other water bodies. This will also lead to pollution of drinking water which will pose a serious risk to human health and lives. Purification of such water will also be a costly affair.
On the other hand if regular droughts occur due to unpredictable rains in regions of less rainfall, those places will start struggling for potable water for drinking. This will become a very dangerous situation for people residing in those provinces.
In conclusion, we see that global warming or greenhouse effect has many disadvantages. Some of them are clearly visible right now and some may identify themselves later if we do not check the increase of the greenhouse gasses. Emission of carbon-di-oxide from industries, transports and domestic usage must be reduced. Another thing which needs immediate curbing is the excess burning of fossil fuels. Timely checks on these might just save our planet from the disasters of global warming.
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